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NM400 versus NM450 versus NM500+

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NM400 versus NM450 versus NM500+

Before this article dives into the difference between these common types of NM steel, it is significant to explain that NM steels are not controlled by a particular chemistry, but by a level of hardness.

A variety of mills may have different “recipes” for NM steel, but the produced material is subjected to a hardness test — called the Brinell Test — for determining the class in which it falls.

The Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) is the technical difference between NM400, NM450, and NM500. BHN signifies the hardness level of the material:

NM400: 360-440 BHN Typically

NM450: 430-480 BHN Typically

NM500: 460-544 BHN Typically

NM550:530-580 BHN Typically

NM600: 570-625 BHN Typically (less common, but available)


Therefore, what does this mean in terms of usability? How do you know which level of hardness the project requires?

Projects that need NM materials are usually those that require a precise balance between brittleness and hardness. As hardness is increased, brittleness is also increased, making the material hard to form, weld, and shape. For some projects, hardness is crucial, and therefore brittleness is compromised; however, in other cases, the material should be formed and handled, so the level of hardness should be decreased.

As a general rule, NM450 and NM400 are the “sweet spots” in terms of good formability combined with good hardness. NM500 and NM600 will last longer and need to be replaced less often for projects that actually beat up the material.

Eventually, the customers and their team will be the best judge of which material is required for their project. Obviously, cost becomes an important factor, as sometimes it is worth having a formable material that has to be changed more frequently.

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